WiMAX is a standards-based wireless technology that provides high-throughput broadband connections over long distances. WiMAX can be used for a number of applications, including “last mile” broadband connections, hotspots and cellular backhaul, and high-speed enterprise connectivity for business
Minggu, 05 Juli 2009
What is WiMAX?
What is Wi-Fi?
Short for wireless fidelity and is meant to be used generically when referring of any type of 802.11 network, whether 802.11b, 802.11a, dual-band, etc. The term is promulgated by the Wi-Fi Alliance.
ny products tested and approved as “Wi-Fi Certified” (a registered trademark) by the Wi-Fi Alliance are certified as interoperable with each other, even if they are from different manufacturers. A user with a “Wi-Fi Certified” product can use any brand of access point with any other brand of client hardware that also is certified. Typically, however, any Wi-Fi product using the same radio frequency (for example, 2.4GHz for 802.11b or 11g, 5GHz for 802.11a) will work with any other, even if not “Wi-Fi Certified.”
Formerly, the term “Wi-Fi” was used only in place of the 2.4GHz 802.11b standard, in the same way that “Ethernet” is used in place of IEEE 802.3. The Alliance expanded the generic use of the term in an attempt to stop confusion about wireless LAN interoperability.
Source: Webopedia
What is Wi-Fi?
Short for wireless fidelity and is meant to be used generically when referring of any type of 802.11 network, whether 802.11b, 802.11a, dual-band, etc. The term is promulgated by the Wi-Fi Alliance.
ny products tested and approved as “Wi-Fi Certified” (a registered trademark) by the Wi-Fi Alliance are certified as interoperable with each other, even if they are from different manufacturers. A user with a “Wi-Fi Certified” product can use any brand of access point with any other brand of client hardware that also is certified. Typically, however, any Wi-Fi product using the same radio frequency (for example, 2.4GHz for 802.11b or 11g, 5GHz for 802.11a) will work with any other, even if not “Wi-Fi Certified.”
Formerly, the term “Wi-Fi” was used only in place of the 2.4GHz 802.11b standard, in the same way that “Ethernet” is used in place of IEEE 802.3. The Alliance expanded the generic use of the term in an attempt to stop confusion about wireless LAN interoperability.
Source: Webopedia
What is VoIP?
Voice over Internet Protocol (also called VoIP, IP Telephony, Internet telephony, and Broadband Phone), is a technology that allows you to make telephone calls using a broadband Internet connection instead of a regular (or analog) phone line. Some services using VoIP may only allow you to call other people using the same service, but others may allow you to call anyone who has a telephone number - including local, long distance, mobile, and international numbers. Also, while some services only work over your computer or a special VoIP phone, other services allow you to use a traditional phone through an adaptor.
VoIP is the routing of voice conversations over the Internet or through any other IP-based network. The voice data flows over a general-purpose packet-switched network, instead of traditional dedicated, circuit-switched telephony transmission lines.
Protocols used to carry voice signals over the IP network are commonly referred to as Voice over IP or VoIP protocols. They may be viewed as commercial realizations of the experimental Network Voice Protocol (1973) invented for the ARPANET.
What is 2G ?
2G (or 2-G) is short for second-generation wireless telephone technology. The main differentiator to previous mobile telephones, retroactively dubbed 1G, is that 1G networks process analog data but 2G networks are digital. This allowed a considerable improvement in voice quality, as digital information is not subject to distortions in the same way as analog information, and also increased capacity as calls can be multiplexed more efficiently. 2G networks may offer an optional service to transfer low-speed data, such as email or software, in addition to the digital voice call itself. SMS messaging is also available as a form of data transmission for some standards.
2G services are frequently referred as Personal Communications Service or PCS in the US.
2G technologies can be divided into TDMA-based and CDMA-based standards depending on the type of multiplexing used. The main 2G standards are: GSM (TDMA-based), IDEN (TDMA-based), IS-136 aka D-AMPS, (TDMA-based, IS-95 aka cdmaOne, (CDMA-based).
2.5G is a stepping stone between 2G and 3G cellular wireless technologies. The term “second and a half generation” is used to describe 2G-systems that have implemented a packet switched domain in addition to the circuit switched domain. It does not necessarily provide faster services because bundling of timeslots is used for circuit switched data services (HSCSD) as well.
While the terms “2G” and “3G” are officially defined, “2.5G” is not. It was invented for marketing purposes only. 2.5G provides some of the benefits of 3G (e.g. it is packet-switched) and can use some of the existing 2G infrastructure in GSM and CDMA networks. GPRS is a 2.5G technology used by GSM operators.
Source: Wikipedia
What is 2G ?
2G (or 2-G) is short for second-generation wireless telephone technology. The main differentiator to previous mobile telephones, retroactively dubbed 1G, is that 1G networks process analog data but 2G networks are digital. This allowed a considerable improvement in voice quality, as digital information is not subject to distortions in the same way as analog information, and also increased capacity as calls can be multiplexed more efficiently. 2G networks may offer an optional service to transfer low-speed data, such as email or software, in addition to the digital voice call itself. SMS messaging is also available as a form of data transmission for some standards.
2G services are frequently referred as Personal Communications Service or PCS in the US.
2G technologies can be divided into TDMA-based and CDMA-based standards depending on the type of multiplexing used. The main 2G standards are: GSM (TDMA-based), IDEN (TDMA-based), IS-136 aka D-AMPS, (TDMA-based, IS-95 aka cdmaOne, (CDMA-based).
2.5G is a stepping stone between 2G and 3G cellular wireless technologies. The term “second and a half generation” is used to describe 2G-systems that have implemented a packet switched domain in addition to the circuit switched domain. It does not necessarily provide faster services because bundling of timeslots is used for circuit switched data services (HSCSD) as well.
While the terms “2G” and “3G” are officially defined, “2.5G” is not. It was invented for marketing purposes only. 2.5G provides some of the benefits of 3G (e.g. it is packet-switched) and can use some of the existing 2G infrastructure in GSM and CDMA networks. GPRS is a 2.5G technology used by GSM operators.
Source: Wikipedia
What is 2G ?
2G (or 2-G) is short for second-generation wireless telephone technology. The main differentiator to previous mobile telephones, retroactively dubbed 1G, is that 1G networks process analog data but 2G networks are digital. This allowed a considerable improvement in voice quality, as digital information is not subject to distortions in the same way as analog information, and also increased capacity as calls can be multiplexed more efficiently. 2G networks may offer an optional service to transfer low-speed data, such as email or software, in addition to the digital voice call itself. SMS messaging is also available as a form of data transmission for some standards.
2G services are frequently referred as Personal Communications Service or PCS in the US.
2G technologies can be divided into TDMA-based and CDMA-based standards depending on the type of multiplexing used. The main 2G standards are: GSM (TDMA-based), IDEN (TDMA-based), IS-136 aka D-AMPS, (TDMA-based, IS-95 aka cdmaOne, (CDMA-based).
2.5G is a stepping stone between 2G and 3G cellular wireless technologies. The term “second and a half generation” is used to describe 2G-systems that have implemented a packet switched domain in addition to the circuit switched domain. It does not necessarily provide faster services because bundling of timeslots is used for circuit switched data services (HSCSD) as well.
While the terms “2G” and “3G” are officially defined, “2.5G” is not. It was invented for marketing purposes only. 2.5G provides some of the benefits of 3G (e.g. it is packet-switched) and can use some of the existing 2G infrastructure in GSM and CDMA networks. GPRS is a 2.5G technology used by GSM operators.
Source: Wikipedia
What is 3G ?
3G (or 3-G) is short for third-generation technology. It is usually used in the context of cell phones. The services associated with 3G provide the ability to transfer both voice data (a telephone call) and non-voice data (such as downloading information, exchanging email, and instant messaging).
In marketing 3G services, video telephony has often been used as the flag-ship killer application for 3G. A certain euphoria was created, which led to huge spectrum-licensing fees in many countries, especially in Europe, where spectrum auctions generated many billions of euros for the respective countries.
3G standards
3G technologies are an answer to the International Telecommunications Union’s IMT-2000 specification. Originally, 3G was supposed to be a single, unified, worldwide standard, but in practice, the 3G world has been split into four camps.
UMTS (W-CDMA)
FOMA
CDMA 2000
TD-SCDMA
Wideband CDMA
Source: Wikipedia
What is 4G ?
4G (or 4-G) is short for fourth-generation the successor of 3G and is a wireless access technology. It describes two different but overlapping ideas. The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) official name for 4G is “3G and beyond”.
4G technology stands to be the future standard of wireless devices.
n general, a generation is defined by the result of technology changes over a 10-15 year time frame. Thus, 4G would refer to whatever is deployed in the 2010-2015 period, assuming 3G deployment spans the 2000-2009 period. Typically, this means a new air-interface with higher data rates in the least, and some see change in the way data transport is handled end-to-end.
Ideally, 4G would provide users with on demand high quality video and audio. The killer application of 4G is not clear, but video is one of the big differences between 4G and 3G. 4G may use OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), and also OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) to better allocate network resources to multiple users. 4G devices may use SDR (Software-defined radio) receivers which allows for better use of available bandwidth as well as making use of multiple channels simultaneously.
Unlike the 3G networks which are a jumble of circuit switched and packet switched networks, 4G will be based on packet switching only. This will allow low-latency data transmission.
Source: Wikipedia
What is HSDPA ?
High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) is a packet-based data service in W-CDMA downlink with data transmission up to 8-10 Mbps (and 20 Mbps for MIMO systems) over a 5MHz bandwidth in WCDMA downlink. HSDPA implementations includes Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC), Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO), Hybrid Automatic Request (HARQ), fast cell search, and advanced receiver design.
n 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) standards, Release 4 specifications provide efficient IP support enabling provision of services through an all-IP core network and Release 5 specifications focus on HSDPA to provide data rates up to approximately 10 Mbps to support packet-based multimedia services. MIMO systems are the work item in Release 6 specifications, which will support even higher data transmission rates up to 20 Mbps. HSDPA is evolved from and backward compatible with Release 99 WCDMA systems.
Source: UMTS World
What is HSPA?
Part of the WCDMA evolution, HSPA (High Speed Packet Access) is a combination of HSDPA in the downlink and Enhanced Uplink in the uplink, both of which are specified in 3GPP Release 5/6. HSPA provides data rates up to 14 Mbps in the downlink and 5.8 Mbps in the uplink. The faster data speeds made possible with HSPA evolution will enhance the user experience for services like Mobile Broadband and Mobile TV while reducing the production cost per gigabyte.
Some vendors already developed this technology. Ericsson performed the world’s first (High Speed Packet Access) HSPA demonstration with Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology during the CTIA Wireless 2006 event April 5-7 in Las Vegas (Stand #2624, Las Vegas Convention Center). The demo is based on Ericsson’s commercial Radio Base Station. HSPA with MIMO can double the speed in the downlink up to 28 Mbps.
Nokia HSPA can be added at minimum cost to an existing Nokia WCDMA platform by simply uploading software - no site visits means virtually no costs. Also Nokia transmission solutions ensure that the service delivery with Nokia HSPA is cost optimized end-to-end. Costs are also kept under control by enhanced Nokia radio resource management functionality, taking full use of an operators’ HSDPA, WCDMA R99 and GSM/EDGE capacity.
Nokia HSPA is made up of two key technologies, HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) and HSUPA (High Speed Uplink Packet Access), offering breakthrough data speeds theoretically up to 14.4 Mbps in the downlink and up to 3.6 Mbps in the uplink.
What is HSUPA ?
HSUPA (HIGH SPEED UPLINK PACKET ACCESS)
High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) is a UMTS / WCDMA uplink evolution technology currently being standardised in 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP); HSUPA is expected to be standardised by the 3GPP in UMTS Release 6.
The new HSUPA mobile telecommunications technology is directly related to HSDPA and the two are complimentary to one another. It seems that HSDPA is the more advanced of the two technologies, but when they can function side-by-side the resulting system will benefit with major data transfer speed enhancements for receiving or sending.
Both procedures resemble each other technically and, by the employment of special modulation procedures, allow a better use of the net infrastructure. The power spectrum of the UMTS network may be enhanced at relatively small expenditure. Improved intensive data services can then be offered. Thus HSUPA opens further areas for innovations and new business possibilities.
HSDPA and HSUPA both offer high voice and data performance and together will enable the success of mass-market mobile IP multimedia. HSUPA enhances the uplink speed of UMTS / WCDMA networks and is the next step after HSDPA.
HSUPA will enhance advanced person-to-person data applications with higher and symmetric data rates, like mobile e-mail and real-time person-to-person gaming. Traditional business applications along with many consumer applications will benefit from enhanced uplink speed. HSUPA will initially boost the UMTS / WCDMA uplink up to 1.4Mbps and in later releases up to 5.8Mbps.
Langganan:
Postingan (Atom)
